You can read more about specific eye problems and procedures at these websites:
Cataract
Facts about Cataract: National Eye Institute
Cataract, overview, photos and links: MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Retina
Retinal Detachment: National Eye Institute
Macular Degeneration: National Eye Institute
Diabetic Retinopathy: National Eye Institute
Macular Hole: National Eye Institute
Epiretinal Membrane (Macular Pucker)
Glaucoma
Facts About Glaucoma: National Eye Institute
About Glaucoma: The Glaucoma Foundation